Carnegie Medal

    A literary award presented annually since 1936 by the Library Association of the United Kingdom to the author of the most outstanding English-language children's book published in the UK during the preceding year. The prize is named after the American steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) who devoted the last years of his life to the advancement of libraries and world peace. Click here to view past Carnegie Medal winners. Compare with Greenaway Medal.  In the United States, a Carnegie Medal has been given annually since 1991 by the Carnegie Corporation of New York for excellence in children's video production. The award is announced at the midwinter meeting of the American Library Association by the Carnegie Award Selection Committee of the Association for Library Services to Children. Click here to learn more.

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Carol

    From the Old French carole, a circular dance. A festive song, generally religious but not necessarily associated with church worship. Today, the form is represented almost exclusively by the Christmas carol, a song of joy and praise once sung by groups of amateurs in streets and in homes, especially on Christmas eve (see this illustration), but now heard mainly as muzak piped into retail businesses.

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Cartobibliography

    A systematic list of references to maps and/or works about maps arranged in some kind of order, with or without annotations, usually related to a particular location, region, subject, person, or time period. Also, the branch of bibliography pertaining to cartographic materials and mapping. For an online example, see Cartobibliography of Maps of the Isle of Man. The Libraries of Memorial University of Newfoundland provide the searchable Newfoundland and Labrador Maps Bibliography. The Sir George Fordham Award for Cartobibliography is given every three years by the Royal Geographical Society for distinguished contributions to the field.

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Cartogram

    A simplified map on which the size, outline, or location of geographic features is altered or exaggerated to illustrate a concept or a set of quantitative data for which the base is not necessarily true to scale. An area proportional to (APT) map is a cartogram on which surface extent (area) is relative to the amount of map data for a feature (e.g., population), rather than the geographic extent of the base to which the feature is related. Click here to see a world map based on estimated number of Internet users in the year 2015 (from An Atlas of Cyberspaces) and here to see maps of the United States based on the number of votes cast in the presidential election of 2008. Also refers to a small diagram included on the face of a map for the display of statistical data. See also: schematic map.

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Cartographic Materials

    Any systematic representation of part or all of the surface of the earth or another celestial body (real or imaginary) on any scale. The category includes two- and three-dimensional maps and plans; nautical, aeronautical, and celestial charts; atlases; globes and planetaria; block diagrams, sections, and profiles; views; remote sensing images (including aerial photographs with cartographic purpose); cartograms; etc. Most cartographic materials are visual representations, but spatial data sets are a notable exception. In the bibliographic record representing a cartographic item, the characteristics of the material are described in the material specific details area (MSD). See also: Anglo-American Cataloguing Committee for Cartographic Materials, cartobibliography, and map library.

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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

    A feature added to HTML code that allows Web site developers to automatically apply the same layout to multiple documents. The appearance of design elements (logos, headers, footers, fonts, links, margins, etc.) is determined by one or more templates called style sheets linked to or embedded in the HTML document, rather than specified in the source code of each document. By governing style externally, CSS enables the site developer to give the pages of a Web site a uniform look and alter style of presentation as desired without having to rewrite source code. For more information see CSS Frequently Asked Questions, provided by the HTML Writers Guild.

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Case

    In machine binding, a cover made completely before it is attached to the body of a book, consisting of two boards and a paper inlay covered in book cloth or some other protective material (see this diagram). The edition binder submits a specimen case to the publisher for approval showing the size, boards, covering, lettering, and squares. The process of attaching the case to the text block by pasting down the endpapers is called casing-in (see this result).

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Case File

    In archives, a folder or other file unit containing material related to a specific project, task, action, event, person, place, or other subject, or a collection of such folders or units, also known as a project file or transaction file.

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Casein Glue

    An adhesive made from milk protein, used in bookbinding and in manufacturing coated papers, which is almost acid-free. A widely used example is Elmer's Glue-All.

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Case-Sensitive

    A computer system or software program in which uppercase letters (A, B, C...) and lowercase letters (a, b, c...) are not interchangeable as input (FAQ versus faq). On the Internet, Web addresses (URLs) are case-sensitive, but e-mail addresses and filenames usually are not.

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Case Study

    In the social and medical sciences, analysis of the behavior of one individual in a population, or a single event in a series, based on close observation over a period of time, often to reveal principles underlying individual behavior or events in general. A case study may be published as an article in a journal, as an essay in a collection, or in book form. In bibliographic databases that permit the user to limit retrieval by type of publication, case studies may be one of the options (example: PsycINFO). Synonymous with case report. Compare with casebook.

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Catalog Album

    A record album owned by a recording company, which it has previously released but is no longer promoting. Billboard magazine defines a catalog album as one over eighteen months old, which has fallen below position 100 on its Billboard 200 list of highest selling music albums.

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Catalog Card

    In manual cataloging systems, a paper card used to make a handwritten, typed, or printed entry in a card catalog, usually of standard size (7.5 centimeters high and 12.5 centimeters wide), plain or ruled. Click here to see examples, courtesy of the Gustavus Adolphus College Library. With the conversion of paper records to machine-readable format and the use of online catalogs, catalog cards have fallen into disuse. British spelling is catalogue card. See also: extension card.

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Catalog Code

    A detailed set of rules for preparing bibliographic records to represent items added to a library collection, established to maintain consistency within the catalog and between the catalogs of libraries using the same code. In the United States, Great Britain, and Canada, libraries use the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules developed jointly by the American Library Association, Library Association (UK), and Canadian Library Association. Synonymous with cataloging code.

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Cataloger

    A librarian primarily responsible for preparing bibliographic records to represent the items acquired by a library, including bibliographic description, subject analysis, and classification. Also refers to the librarian responsible for supervising a cataloging department. British spelling is cataloguer. Synonymous with catalog librarian. See also: Association for Library Collections and Technical Services and Cataloger's Desktop.